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Australian scientists have discovered a revolutionary process for producing and storing powdered hydrogen. This discovery could ensure the global energy transition and revolutionize the entire energy sector. Hydrogen, the energy of the future. Hydrogen is considered the energy of the future because it produces zero emissions when burned as fuel and may even be more efficient than fossil fuels. Due to its low CO2 emissions, this energy seems to be a credible alternative, associated with a fuel cell, this energy does not emit CO2. Hydrogen will play a key role in reaching carbon neutrality in 2050. However, in order for this energy to become democratized one day, it will have to be transformed and stored in an environmentally friendly way, while remaining viable in terms of security. The issue is that currently, 95% of hydrogen is made from fossil fuel sources (natural gas, oil) and wood. There are currently three types of production process: Natural gas reforming or steam reforming. Most used method. The gasification of charcoal. Water electrolysis. This makes the production of hydrogen expensive and polluting, thus pushing some critics to qualify hydrogen as "false good idea for energy". Revolutionary Australian discovery. a team from Deakin University (Australia) explains that it has made a very important discovery making it possible to obtain powdered hydrogen using a safe and inexpensive process, which uses boron nitride (BN), a chemical compound that is thermally resistant and stable well known and already widely used in different industries. Boron nitride in powder form is very absorbent, according to a mechanochemical process, scientists were able to extract hydrogen from other gases and store it in boron hydride. The experiment was repeated several times in order to be confirmed. This process, although long to implement, consumes very little energy and it is a simple process. Boron nitride can absorb hydrogen. Thus, it becomes possible to store hydrogen in the form of powder by a simple process that consumes little energy. This discovery has a medium-term impact with tomorrow, the use of hydrogen in the automobile. But above all, it has an immediate value because it brings a revolution in the process of oil refineries. Immediate impact in petroleum refining processes. Cryogenic distillation and the chemical separation of petroleum elements now represent between 10 and 15% of global energy consumption. This process based on boron nitride, allows an energy saving of about 90% and can be implemented in petroleum refining instead of cryogenic distillation.

Trafigora, the trading company of Singapore wins the contract for the construction of a railway line which will allow the ore transport from Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) to Angolan port. The project will connect the mineral wealth of the DRC to Angola. The corridor will have a total length of 1,870 km, of which 1,340 km will be in Angola and will arrive at the Angolan port of Lobito located 500 km south of Luanda, the Angolan capital. Trafigora joined forces with the Portuguese entrepreneur Mota-Engil and Vecturis a Belgian rail developer, to win this contract, the consortium will thus benefit in exchange for a 30-year concession. The concession, which could be extended by 20 years if they decide to build a branch line to Zambia. The bid was chosen over a competing bid from Chinese conglomerate CITIC and China Railway 20 Bureau Group. Composition of the consortium. The consortium is made up of Trafigora 49.5%, Mota-Engil 49.5% and Vecturis 1%. Concession value: $100 million. Consortium investment: $256 million in infrastructure and $73 million in rolling stock. Royalties expected by the Angolan government over 30 years: 2 billion dollars. This corridor could considerably improve the export capacity of the DRC which currently exports copper, cobalt and other minerals to the east via Dar es Salaam in Tanzania, Beira in Mozambique or to the south towards Durban in South Africa, a risky trip that takes several weeks The consortium will be responsible for the operation, management and maintenance of the rail link, which will transport minerals, liquids and gas to Lobito from the Angolan town of Luau, which is close to the border with the DRC. "As export volumes have increased to meet the demand for minerals needed for the energy transition – cobalt is needed for lithium-ion batteries – roads out of the DRC have become more congested and delays at the border more protracted. A rail route would remove trucks from the roads and offer “considerable cost and time savings for miners in the Copperbelt”. The Lobito Corridor tender was launched in September, following the expenditure of some $2bn by the Angolan government to rehabilitate and modernise the corridor’s existing infrastructure". Sponsored by the investment fund.

LNG imports outside Russian federation and stocks in Europe have increased. Europe wants to control the prices of energy, mainly gas, it has taken a number of measures to reduce energy demand and at the same time it increases these stocks of LNG. Faced with the risk of an energy crisis, Europe was able to fill these stocks. Thereby, Germany's strategic storages are 81.07% full. Besides France, four other European countries out of 27 are at more than 90%: Portugal (100%), Poland (99.56%), Sweden (90.8%) and Denmark (93.76%). %). All countries filled their tanks more than 50%, the worst off being Latvia (55%) and Bulgaria (59%). In Europe, Russian gas imports fell from 65% to 9%, the total LNG storage capacity being 1165.9 TWH, the volume of imported LNG (excluding the Russian Federation) more than doubled in less than 4 months, this import volume could have been higher, but the lack of regasification terminals limited it. However, major work was quickly carried out to increase this regasification capacity with the installation of floating terminals. According to Bloomberg " Natural Gas Buyers Hoarding Fuel at Sea to Prepare for Winter Europe’s congested LNG import terminals spur floating storage. Ships are parked in sea off Europe, Asia and Central America. Energy traders and power utilities are storing more liquefied natural gas at sea, an unusual move to hoard supply for winter as the market faces a severe shortage". The European Commission instead of capping natural gas prices, it has chosen to act on energy consumption and excess income from the energy sector to control energy costs European natural gas prices again tumbled Monday as storage inventories climbed and governments continued to discuss measures aimed at better controlling soaring energy costs. LNG prices have therefore been falling since 15/09/2022 and we believe that this fall will continue at least until October. For the 4th quarter of 2022, the price of LNG will depend on the harshness of the winter.

Commodity: Oil, Petrochemicals, Shipping Region: Americas, EMEA Subscriber note type: Methodology Note

Russia says it will not resume natural-gas flows via a key pipeline to Europe until the 'collective West' lifts sanctions against the country

Top economist Mohamed El-Erian tells investors to get out of 'distorted' markets and pivot to cash and short-term bonds

NVIDIA corp, a designer of electronic chips, has received a request from the American authorities to no longer export chips to China. The affected chips are the A100 Tensor Core and H100 Tensor Core, these two products are intended for an essentially professional market, more specifically, they are tailored for the field of artificial intelligence, which includes more specific disciplines such as machine learning. They are used to train AI on a massive scale from models designed to accelerate machine learning tasks and are involved in image recognition with commercial and military applications. Source Reuters. The company said the ban, which affects its A100 and H100 chips, could interfere with the completion of development of the H100, the flagship chip it announced this year. Last quarter, NVIDIA sold $400 million worth of these products to China, which gives an idea of ​​the financial loss that the company could suffer if Chinese companies decide not to buy alternative Nvidia products. In addition to tensions around Taiwan where the chips are made. As a result, Nvidia shares fell 6.6%. According to financial analyst Stacy Rasgon from Bernstein, about 10% of Nvidia's data center sales come from China, the impact on sales is manageable by Nvidia. NVIDIA said it expected third-quarter sales to fall 17% from the same period last year. Our analysis: American restrictions on sales of electronic chips to China are not new, the Trump administration had already imposed restrictions on sales chips to HUWAI, this reflects a real American desire to restrict the transfer of advanced technology to China and can therefore be part of a lasting process. The stocks of the American electronic chip giants (NVIDIA and AMD) will be one to watch over the coming months.

October 12 - 13, 2022 will be held in Houston, the hub for scaling up hydrogen in the United States with 350 hydrogen decision makers, among the leading developers and operators of hydrogen projects, who are looking for partners for the development of the hydrogen economy. According to Thomson Reuters from Reuters Event. "The attendee list includes executives from Dominion Energy, SoCalGas, Air Products, Linde, Fortescure Future Industries, Mitsubishi Power, Airbus, Plug Power, Air Liquide, Nikola Motor, United States Department of Energy, Goldman Sachs, ExxonMobil, Chevron, Boeing, EDF, Kiewit, NextEra Energy, Enbridge and so many more that are seeking new partners and support for major projects and hydrogen initiatives. The North America green hydrogen boom is on track to surpass $89.18 billion by 2030, with Houston being a major hub receiving funding from the US Department of Energy's $8 billion for clean hydrogen hubs across the United States". Five simple reasons why you can't miss Hydrogen North America 2022: You achieve all your hydrogen goals in just 2-days: Find partners, meet clients, gather info, tackle industry challenges You'll have access to all active and new market players in one place, at one time, to create partnerships for success You'll meet serious industry collaborators to secure market share as a developer, supplier or advisor You'll receive all you need to know about current and future hydrogen projects and lucrative supply chain opportunities You'll learn how US hydrogen regulatory system is evolving and the evolution of policy in hydrogen states The speakers will be: Paul Browning, CEO & President, Fortescue Future Industries Pablo Koziner, President, Nikola Motor Katie Ellet, President – Hydrogen Energy and Mobility, Air Liquide Bill Newsom, CEO & President, Mitsubishi Power Amanda Simpson, Vice President – Research and Technology, Airbus Brian Yutko, Chief Engineer of Sustainability and Future Mobility and Vice President, Boeing Andy Marsh, President and CEO, Plug Power Event sponsors and exhibitors: Mitsubishi Power, Plug Power, Babcock & Wilcox, Vinson & Elkins, Afry, Air Products, National Grid, Honeywell UOP, Compressed Gas Association, Honeywell UOP, PDC Machine, Alkegen.

The developers estimate that the block height of ETH should be reached on September 14 at 22:57 CEST +2. Thus creating one of the biggest events on the Internet. September 14 could be a historic day for the internet. Indeed, The Merge is a subject that is not new in the Ethereum ecosystem. In 2014, the third version of the Ethereum whitepaper already presented the PoS (Proof of Stake) protocol. Bitcoin went through the same process in 2020 with the volume of BTC in circulation decreasing, BTC rewards had gone from 12.5 BTC to 6.25 BTC. This reduction in the circulating volume of BTC resulted in a spike in BTC value that doubled in six months. Before the cut, BTC was trading at an average of $8800, today it is trading towards $23000. There are three phases of the Triple Halving 1/ Reduced issuance, burning and staked ETH With Ethereum's first Triple Halving, the amount of Ethereum issued for blockchain mining will drastically decrease. According to Blockchain Engineer Montana Wong, ETH issuance per year will drop from 4.3% to 0.4%, a decrease of around 90%. The amount of ETH sold on the network to cover daily mining costs is currently 15,000, but after the merger it will decrease to 1,500 per day. 2/The second phase is burning. Combustion accentuates the decrease in the volume of ETH circulating how it works. Ex: you make a transaction on the Ethereum network with 0.01 ETH in fees, 0.003 ETH will be withdrawn (burned) from circulation and will no longer be part of the ETH network. Note that "burning" has been in place since upgrade EIP-1559 (The London Hard Fork) in August 2021 and will continue (after the merge) 3/The third and final phase: Staking. ETH owners will hand over their tokens to validators to secure the network and in return will get rewards (about 4% APY at the moment). With Ethereum's new staking process, owners cannot withdraw their staked coins until at least six months after the merger. So there will be a defined queue for a gradual withdrawal. The merger with the Beacon chain "Thus, from September 14, the entire Ethereum blockchain will merge with the Beacon Chain (PoS) changing its mechanism all without interruption during the update since the network ends up producing new blocks. Many web 2.0 servers and applications need to be replaced or undergo maintenance when significant updates take place. In the case of Ethereum, no pause: The Merge will take place while the network continues to evaluate in real time. Upon successful merger, the new version of Ethereum will have undergone the so-called triple halving effect. Just as Bitcoin undergoes a halving estimated every 4 years by half the number of Bitcoins generated. Very often, this marks the start of a new rise for the relevant cryptocurrency". According to expert predictions, since BTC mostly reacted positively to the halving, it is also likely that Ethereum's value will also rise instantly, given that the two are quite closely intertwined. The Ethereum merger announcement has already impacted the price of ETH as it is already rallying ahead of the event tentatively scheduled for September 15th. Speculation suggests that the merger and triple halving could drive the market price of ETH higher, towards $5,000. Our advice: Buy ETH up to $1851.

On 22/08/2022 the EUR/USD value went down to 0.9951. The resistance at 1.02 could not hold. The European currency, fell below parity with the Dollar on Monday August 22, reaching a floor of 0.9951 USD for 1 Euro. This is a historic low since its release in 2002. The Euro thus lost 0.84% ​​against the dollar, this is not so much the weakness of the Euro as the strength of the Dollar which has in fact consolidated against all the other currencies. The dollar’s recent brawniness has resulted in the largest weekly rise since March 2020, according to Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) data. The Euro thus stabilized below parity with the Dollar. The strength of the Dollar is due to a combination of factors. The Dollar yields more than the Euro. In order to contain inflation in the United States, the FED raised interest rates to 2.5%, thus making the cost of borrowing more expensive, something the European Central Bank (ECB) cannot do for fear of a recession due to the energy crisis, it kept these rates at 0.5% because very high rates like those of the FED could have consequences that vary according to the Member States. A sharp rise in interest rates would weaken the countries already in difficulty, against the background of the fear of a new sovereign debt crisis. In July the ECB had already raised its rates by half a point. a further increase of 0.5 points is expected at its meeting on 08/09/2022, but this would not be enough to offset that of the FED with a risk of recession in the Euro zone. Some analysts believe that a 3rd rise to 0.75 could occur in September, we believe that the ECB will not take such a risk. In addition, a cut in Fed rates is not expected before the end of 2023. The energy crisis in Europe. besides the fact that the Dollar remains strong against other currencies, this is even more true against the Euro for 2 reasons: The price of petroleum products and natural gas has risen sharply and remains high in Europe. The price of European gas had jumped by more than 20% in one week, Monday, to rise to 295 euros per megawatt hour (MWh). Europe pays for these petroleum products and natural gas in Dollars and therefore needs to acquire Dollars to pay for its energy. With the energy crisis, Europe risks recession, which worries investors. In addition, the yield on three-month US government bonds is at its highest, which makes the dollar a safe haven. The situation can became worse as Russia announced the closure of the Nord Stream 1 gas pipeline, which supplies the bulk of Russian gas to Europe, between August 31 and September 2, which will further increase the price of natural gas. Risk of recession in Europe. The rise in energy prices in Europe leads to inflation and a risk of recession. In Europe, inflation reached 8.9% in July 2022 in the euro zone. In Germany, it could “exceed 10%. This inflation had started to climb with the recovery of the economy post-Covid-19, and was accentuated with the beginning of the Russian invasion in Ukraine. The energy crisis has a strong impact on German industry, which is the engine of the economy. The International Monetary Fund IMF has revised these rates downwards in Europe and forecasts GDP growth of 2.6% in 2022 and 2% in 2023, or even a recession for the Fall - Winter. Our forecasts The war in Ukraine is set to last at least until Winter, so the energy crisis in Europe is not going to get better, the Dollar will consolidate against the Euro.

The oil price (especially Brent) this week was influenced by relations between the United States and Iran, Russia and Saudi Arabia. The Brent spot price gained 2.9% last week. On a weekly average, the Brent spot price stood at 99 $/b last week, up nearly 3% (WTI at 94.5 $/b, +2.9%). On a monthly average, it stands at $100/bbl, down 10% from one month to the next. The last few weeks have been rich in economic and “energy-political” events: Progress in the Iranian negotiations. Reaction of the Saudi minister to market developments, which pushed the price of oil up. New escalations of violence in Libya, likely to lead to a further decline in oil production. Firm statement last Friday by the American Central Bank in order to fight against inflation, statement with downward effects on the financial markets but without impact (for the moment) on the rise in the price of oil. From an economic point of view, it is worth noting the announcement on August 22 of a fall over one month in Kazakh oil deliveries, but in limited proportions (export at 0.9 Mb/d against 1.3 Mb/ jprogrammed in August and September). In addition, in Europe, the drought is causing transport constraints on the Rhine, which forced Shell to reduce its production at the Rhineland refinery on August 18 (0.34 Mb/d). The full report "Weekly Oil Dashboard August 29 2022" is available in our shop.

"Russia may have to start selling natural gas to Europe again - but that would maximize Moscow's revenue". Following Bloomberg Russia may have to turn the natural gas tap back on for Europe, Citi's global head of commodities research said Wednesday. Russia has halted Nord Stream 1 flows, and Europe is facing a worsening energy crisis ahead of winter. "At some point Russia might want to maximize the revenue they are getting from natural gas," Ed Morse told Bloomberg.