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With 1000 billion capitalization, Nvidia joins Big Tech and appears as a leading player. Stock Market Microprocessor NVDIA A very fast growth. With +20% above forecasts on these profits, Nvidia far exceeded Wall Street estimates for revenues and profits for the first quarter of 2023 Nvidia forecasts revenue of $11 billion for the next quarter, while Wall Street expected only $7 billion. Why this growth Their order book explodes since the boom of artificial intelligence (AI) The company went public in January 1999. And since then, she has known: The Internet-powered technology boom through 2000 The boom in cloud-powered technologies in the 2010s The COVID-fueled tech boom in 2020/21 During this time, Nvidia has never seen its revenue increase more than 50% quarter over quarter. Until today when orders are exploding. Big tech companies like Alphabet and Amazon are developing new AI-driven services and products, so they're buying Nvidia graphics cards en masse to power it all. NVDIA technology being the basis of Artificial Intelligence (AI), it is normal that NVDIA is the first to benefit from its boom. However, other AI companies will also join Big Tech in the coming years… See the 3 AI actions we recommend.

Methane hydrate: a new source of natural gas. Methane hydrate (or Methane Clathrate) is a compound of organic origin naturally present in the seabed, on some continental slopes, as well as in the permafrost of the polar regions. These methane hydrates are generally located between 400 and 600m below the ocean floor. #HYDRATEMETHANE.The countries at the forefront are Japan and Canada. Our advice: now is the time to invest in Methane Hydrates. Know the pioneering companies in the exploitation …. Methane hydrate consists of a fine "cage" of ice in which is trapped methane from the decomposition of relatively recent organic components compared to that which generated oil and natural gas. The deposition of organic component at the origin of Methane Hydrate is carried out by anaerobic and methanogenic micro-organisms. Methane being the main component of natural gas, the exploitation of these Methane Clarthrate therefore constitutes a new source of Natural Gas. This new sector is all the more interesting as the deposits of Methane Clarthrate are abundant and distributed in almost all the seabeds of the world. The reserves of methane hydrate constitute an enormous reserve of energy. It is estimated today that the methane hydrates of the ocean floor contain twice as much carbon equivalent as all of the natural gas, oil and coal deposits known worldwide. Currently known distribution of methane hydrate reserves. Along the southeastern coast of the USA alone, an area of ​​26,000 square kilometers contains 35 Gt (gigatons = billions of tonnes) of carbon, or 105 times the natural gas consumption of the USA in 1996! Studies for the exploitation of methane hydrate deposits have begun, with large investments currently being made in the development of extraction techniques.

On the stock market, water is a source of opportunities that today generates $1.4 trillion in annual revenue, with an increase of 3% to 5% per year. Water and related technologies refer to the various tools, systems, and innovations used in managing, treating, and conserving water resources. This field encompasses a wide range of technologies and practices designed to ensure the availability and quality of clean water for various purposes such as drinking, irrigation, industrial use, and environmental preservation. Some key examples of water and related technologies include water treatment systems, desalination plants, water purification methods, wastewater treatment processes, rainwater harvesting techniques, water recycling systems, and smart water management systems. Water demand is increasing Following demographic pressure (in 2050, there will be 9 billion people on earth), demand is increasing, and it will quickly become exponential. The water market is growing continuously, from 3 to 5% per year. For a simple reason: demand is increasing while the amount of water on earth remains the same. Indeed, directly usable water is rare, only 0.25% of the water on earth. Agriculture, industry and consumers are always asking for more. The population is growing and consumption per person is also increasing (it has doubled in 100 years). Even artificial intelligence uses water to function. At Microsoft, artificial intelligence has caused a 34% increase in water consumption in one year. Limited offer: the total volume of water is limited. Despite all the existing infrastructures, 25% of the population still does not have access to drinking water. Seleument 0.25% of the water present on earth is directly usable by man, to increase this volume, it will be necessary to increase in quality and quantity the capacity of water transformation (electrolysis seawater etc...). Climate change will further exacerbate this imbalance. In the UK, to cope with future droughts, daily capacity will need to increase by 2.7 billion litres by 2050. How to invest in water on the stock market. You can invest in water through distribution, technology and environmental services Water distributors such as: Severn Trent, Pennon, American Water Work, Guandong Investment (China). These companies have stable business models based on long-term concession contracts, offering high visibility. Invest in water transformation technologies and associated scientific research. These technologies play a crucial role in addressing water scarcity, pollution, and ineffective water management practices. They aim to improve water access and quality, reduce wastage, and promote sustainable use of this precious resource. Advancements in water technologies have also led to the development of innovative and efficient solutions for water conservation, such as efficient irrigation systems, leak detection and prevention methods, and monitoring tools for water quality. In addition to technological advancements, water and related technologies also involve research and development efforts to.

On June 23, 2022, Germany declared the alert level of the gas emergency plan. The triggering of the different crisis levels depends on the expected economic and technical impact depending on the severity of the disturbance. In November 2021, Chancellor Angela Merkel before her departure reassured and promoted Nord Stream 2, the new pipeline linking Russia and Germany bypassing Ukraine, #LNGLOGISTIC. Companies involved in LNG logistics in Europe are experiencing strong growth in turnover and profits. For years, Germany bought Russian gas (and oil products) at a low price, which allowed it to have a competitive economy. Today, following the war in Ukraine and the consequences of the economic sanctions against Russia, Germany is paying a high price for its energy with, in addition, a risk of supply disruption, his competitiveness is down with, in addition, a risk of recession. Europe need an emergency plan to ensure the continent's energy security. This implies: A solidarity mechanism between the European countries in order to compensate for the gas deficit of the countries most dependent on Russia. Ensure alternative supply from other suppliers via LNG. Reduce energy consumption in non-essential sectors. The situation in Germany Gas supply statut report as at 1pm August 5 2022. PDF 1Mo A graph from the Federal Network Agency's latest supply status report shows how much gas is currently flowing at three connection points for Russian gas on Germany's eastern border: according to this agency, the situation is tense and may worsen. Nord Stream 1 supplies 58% of Germany's annual gas needs. The European benchmark price for TTF gas has already increased by more than 130% since the start of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, to more than €170 per MWH. Germany triggered the second stage of its national gas emergency plan at the end of June, after Russia cut supplies by 60%. The next step will be rationing. Germany is falling behind on filling up its gas storage facilities to create reserves for winter. At the beginning of July, "Germany’s three-decade-long trade surplus flipped into a deficit, driven by the rise in gas prices; the country’s wealth is created mostly by energy-intensive industries, whose import costs have soared". Inflation is at a record high, a recession looms and the euro is at parity with the dollar for the first time since 2002. Cheap Russian energy used to be a key source of the country’s global competitive advantage. KOMPTRADE forecasts. The German gas reserves are low, for the winter and already in autumn, this will need to import gas, the alternative is LNG. Logistics companies in regasification at the port of Zeebrugge and Rotterdam will be in high demand. Interesting Fluxys Company Koole B.V.

The ban applies to gasoline, diesel and other petroleum products, except lubricants Oil products will not be exported for four months, with the exception of lubricants. With this export ban, the country aims to protect its own domestic energy supply and to ensure that the citizens of Kazakhstan are not deprived of energy. The statement issued on 8 February by the Kazakh State Revenue Committee said that the order would come into force ten calendar days after its announcement. A similar ban was previously put in place in November 2021 and withdrawn on 21 May 2022 as the country faced a fuel shortage. Landlocked Kazakhstan is the world's ninth largest exporter of crude oil and holds three percent of the world's total oil reserves. Kazakhstan does not have a pipeline to export its gas to the EU. The Russian port of Novorossiysk on the Black Sea is the main route for oil exports. Kazakhstan and Europe With 70% of Kazakhstan's oil exports going to Europe, and with few other resources, the country relies heavily on this financial input. "The country entered the global oil market in 1993, after the country's government and Chevron agreed to create a giant oil production company, Tengizchevroil, to produce oil in two large fields near the Caspian Sea. In 1997, Kazakhstan signed a production sharing agreement with seven international companies, including Agip, British Gas, BP, Mobil, Shell, Statoil and Total". The ban in Kazakhstan came days after the EU embargo on Russian fuel imports and price caps on diesel and other products came into effect. On 5 February, the G7+ coalition and all EU Member States agreed to cap the price of Russian crude oil transported by sea. The embargo was accompanied by a price cap on deliveries to third countries, agreed with the G7 in the same way that the EU and G7 coordinated the price cap on Russian crude last year. Sanctions on Russian oil. So far, two price ceilings have been established for Russian oil products: one for "premium-to-crude" oil products such as diesel, paraffin and gasoline, and one for "discount-to-crude" oil products such as fuel oil and naptha. The first price cap was set at $100 per barrel, while the second was set at $45 per barrel. Under the agreement, EU and G7 countries will prohibit banks from financing the purchase and sale of Russian oil, insurance companies from insuring shipments and ports from unloading oil carried by tankers if it is traded at a price higher than that set by the European Union. The EU price cap has been strongly criticised by Russia. In early February, Moscow imposed a ban on oil sales to states and entities that support the Russian oil price cap. With the exception of situations requiring special presidential approval, the ban will be in force for five months. The measure also prohibits the purchase of raw materials from Russia, even through intermediate countries or supply chains.

The country could become a major player in the global battery production market. A market that is expected to expand considerably in the coming years, particularly with the electrification of transport. India has discovered a lithium deposit estimated at 5.9 million tons in the Jammu and Kashmir region, representing 5.7% of the world's lithium reserves. In 2018, lithium reserves were estimated at around 14 million tons worldwide. The Indian discovery increases these by over 40%. It should be noted that the precise nature of the subsoil is not well known around the world. A more recent American study dating from 2019 announced a global lithium deposit of 80 million tons, in this case, the Indian discovery represents about 10% of the total already known. India has been entirely dependent on imports for its lithium supply. This discovery will change many things for the country. The country will also be able to compete directly with the major lithium mining countries Australia, Chile and China. By way of comparison, the largest lithium deposit in the world is in Chile, with a resource of 9.2 million tons. This figure is not far off the 5.9 million tons of lithium found in India. Lithium is an essential element in the manufacture of batteries used in smartphones and other electric cars, and is also used in the manufacture of solar energy systems. The discovery will help India accelerate its green transition away from fossil fuels. It is often said that electric cars are not a solution in the fight against global warming. One of the reasons given is the high lithium content. Each battery contains several kilograms of this chemical element. Some experts fear that the rush for this white gold will create tensions and shortages, as supply is lower than demand. The world's largest lithium producers in 2020: Bolivia contained about 21 million tons of lithium, compared to 17 million for Argentina, 9 million for Chile, 6.8 million for the US, 6.3 million for Australia and 4.5 million for China. Polluting extraction of Lithium. Another problem with lithium is its polluting extraction, which is not free of pollution. It is a complicated process that requires extensive infrastructure and the mobilisation of various products. Moreover, lithium batteries at the end of their life become waste and are sometimes disposed of in the environment. But this could change in the future, and scientists are working to create lithium batteries that are recyclable. The European Union is currently working to make the lithium manufacturing process more responsible, both by using electric machines in the mines and by using new techniques such as geothermal energy, which is being tested in Europe. In any case, the whole life cycle of the electric car is "cleaner" than that of the combustion car, whether diesel or petrol. Lithium extraction is also much less polluting than oil extraction. However, measures to limit the environmental impact will have to be taken as the electrification of transport will grow considerably in the coming years, and this on a global level. In other words, the demand for lithium batteries will explode and it is preferable that a framework be put in place. The electric car can do without lithium. It should be noted that in the medium term, the electric car will be able to do without lithium in favour of sodium, as is the case with the Chinese battery giant CATL, which is responsible for the battery that allows electric cars to travel 1,000 km, and which is preparing the first sodium battery for 2023.

The price cap on Russian refined fuels will disrupt trade, particularly in Europe. The EU ban on imports of Russian refined oil products, including diesel and paraffin, will disrupt global flows when it comes into force on 5 February 2023, ahead of a complete ban on these products in Europe. Although Western sanctions may force Russia to cut crude oil production and refining, further tightening global supply, some analysts said the product ban could ultimately have little impact on overall availability. Online crude oil price: Brent and WTI market The EU has proposed a $100 per barrel cap on diesel and a $45 per barrel cap on discounted products such as fuel oil, but member states have yet to agree on these levels, with states aiming for an agreement on Friday. Endorsed by the wealthy G7 countries, the European Commission and Australia, the product ban follows a similar measure they implemented on 5 December, banning the sale, insurance and transportation of Russian crude oil unless it is sold below a $60 cap. According to Ian Moore of Bernstein, the problem will be more of a logistical challenge than a supply one. While the ban would leave Russia with more crude to export, there may not be enough destinations to export the surplus to, so Russia may have to cut production by 5-10%, while China and India have strong refining capacity and are also exporters of refined products. The biggest problem may be for Russia to find other buyers, as China and India, which have been keen to buy its discounted crude, have plenty of refining capacity and are exporters of oil products. In fact, this may not necessarily be a handicap for Russia, which can apply large discounts on these products and make them very attractive to non-sanctioning countries. In an attempt to compensate for the lack of European buyers, Russia increased its diesel deliveries to African and Mediterranean ports in January. But a lack of tankers to transport the products and a potential lack of demand could make it harder for Russia to divert refined fuels to third markets. Europe has turned to producers in Asia, the Middle East and the US to diversify its supply sources, but shipping will be more expensive due to longer shipping times. For the time being, supply remains plentiful in Europe, which is heavily dependent on Russian diesel imports as traders have built up stocks in anticipation of Western restrictions. The price cap on refined products is still unclear, as their pricing is far more complex than that of crude oil and is dictated by differences in quality, determined by sulphur and metal levels.

It is definitive: by 2035, no more new combustion engine cars will be sold in Europe. The European Parliament voted on Tuesday in Strasbourg to end the sale of new cars and vans with combustion engines, which generate CO2, by 2035. The vote, which followed an agreement reached last October with the Member States (Council), was won by 340 votes to 279 with 21 abstentions. This agreement aims to achieve zero emission road mobility by 2035 for new passenger cars and light commercial vehicles. This means a de facto red light on the sale of new diesel and petrol cars by that date. In the meantime, emissions from new cars must be reduced by 55% by 2030 compared to 2021, and by 50% for vans. Jobs at risk? Critics of the deal have focused on the risk of job losses and higher car prices, but Commission vice-president Frans Timmermans, in charge of the European Green Pact, rejects these claims. "The operating costs of electric cars have already fallen and in a few years' time it will be cheaper to buy an electric car than a combustion engine car," he said. The transition has already begun. In the meantime, emissions from new cars must be reduced by 55% by 2030 compared to 2021, and by 50% for vans. In Europe, diesel and petrol cars still represent on average more than 90% of the car fleet, but the transition has begun. The various governments have set themselves the target of making the electric engine the first choice for all company cars by 2026 - 2030, and taxation has started to be adapted. The new legislation is part of the 'Fit for 55' package, which aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by at least 55% by 2030 compared to 1990 and put Europe on a climate neutral path by 2050.

Brent down ahead of embargo on Russian refined oil products Crude oil prices fell sharply last week, ending the week below 80 $/b for Brent and 74 $/b for WTI. While the embargo on Russian refined oil products exported by sea came into effect on Sunday, the crude oil market remains bearish, with market fundamentals showing a global oversupply relative to demand that is slow to recover. On a weekly average, Brent and WTI are down by more than 4.5% to $82.9/bbl and $76.5/bbl respectively . The consensus of economists surveyed by Bloomberg as of 3 February is slightly higher with a median Brent price in 2023 of $87.8/b . Several financial institutions (Fitch, Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley) are forecasting a tightening of the oil market in the second However, several financial institutions (Fitch, Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley) expect the oil market to tighten in the second half of the year, which could push Brent above $100/b by the end of the year. Online crude oil price: Brent and WTI market Embargo on Russian oil products. More impactful than the Russian oil embargo? After the embargo on coal in August 2022 and on crude oil at the beginning of December 2022, the countries of the European Union have decided to stop importing refined petroleum products (diesel, petrol, naphtha, paraffin, fuel oil, etc.) from Russia as of 5 February. On the same principle as for crude oil, the G7 countries also agreed to set a ceiling price above which the provision of technical assistance, brokerage services and insurance for the maritime transport of these products to third countries is prohibited. For light products, such as diesel, paraffin and gasoline, the ceiling was set at $100/bbl. For heavier oil products such as fuel oil the cap is $45/bbl. According to Argus, the price of Russian diesel is currently trading below this ceiling ($73/bbl Black Sea fob and $80/bbl Baltic fob), with the price of diesel in the US at $45/bbl. According to Argus, Russian diesel prices are currently trading below this ceiling ($73/bbl Black Sea fob and $80/bbl Baltic fob), i.e. $30-40/bbl below the price of European diesel. USA: Crude oil inventories rise again - Rig Count falls Europe: high stocks, falling prices View our full Crude Oil Market Report - Week of 23/01/2023.

China reopens: IEA raises global oil demand growth forecast to +1.9 mb/d Crude oil prices were up last week. Despite a difficult economic backdrop with an increased risk of global recession, the prospect of a significant increase in Chinese oil demand following the easing of its Covid policy and the implementation of an embargo on Russian oil products in early February are raising fears of further oil supply tensions. On a weekly average, Brent and WTI are up by more than 4% to $85.8/b and $80.3/b respectively . The consensus of economists surveyed by Bloomberg on 20 January is for a lower median Brent price in 2023 of $87.5/b, but some institutions (including Goldman Sachs) are forecasting a bullish phase in crude oil prices around $110/b, considering that chronic underinvestment in the upstream oil industry coupled with the Russian oil embargo will not be able to meet the increase in global oil demand. Online crude oil price: Brent and WTI market Chinese oil demand drives global demand For the main agencies (IEA, EIA, OPEC), the driver of global GDP growth and oil demand in 2023 will be the pace of recovery in Chinese demand - a variable, however, surrounded by considerable uncertainty due to the evolving health situation. In its latest report, the IEA estimates that global oil demand could increase by +1.9 mb/d to 101.7 mb/d in 2023. Almost half of this increase could come from China, with demand rising by +0.9 mb/d to 15.8 mb/d. Given the economic crisis, oil demand growth in OECD countries is not expected to exceed 0.5 mb/d (from 1.1 mb/d in 2022) to 55.3 mb/d In China, it is in the transport sector that we are beginning to see this recovery with rising mobility indices in major cities and an increase in domestic flights. The government has also sharply increased oil import and export quotas, prompting refiners to restart their operations. This has resulted in an increase in crude imports, mainly from the Middle East (Iran and Saudi Arabia), with imports from Russia remaining stable at around 2.0 mb/d. On the other hand, according to several sources (Vortexa and Kpler), Iranian exports to China have increased sharply to 1.3 mb/d compared to 0.8 mb/d last September, as the United States seems to be less concerned about the strict application of the embargo on Iranian oil in the current context of global energy crisis. View our full Crude Oil Market Report - Week of 23/01/2023.

Foster + Partners and Buro Happold to design Poland's $8 billion air-rail transit hub. The developer of the $8 billion CPK air-road-rail transit hub has chosen British architect Foster + Partners and consulting engineer Buro Happold as the main contractors for the terminal, rail station and public transport interchange. Foster's design includes a landside interchange plaza, filled with natural light and lush greenery. This plaza connects the platform's three modes of transport: air, rail and road. Grant Booker, studio leader at Foster, said the aim was to create "a model for the future of fully integrated transport design". The selection process The company set up to develop an $8bn transport hub between Warsaw and Łodz in Poland had invited tenders for consultants to oversee the project's design documentation. Centralny Port Komunikacyjny (CPK) was looking for a company that will ensure that the design work carried out on the Solidarity Transport Hub by the lead architect and civil engineer is technically accurate and complete. The tender will be the fifth issued by KPC. Previous competitions have been for the lead architect, airport infrastructure designer, lead civil engineer and support infrastructure engineer. Six firms submitted designs for the airport: Pascall + Watson, Zaha Hadid Architects, Foster + Parners, Grimshaw and Chapman Taylor from the UK, and Kohn Pedersen Fox from the US. The CPK, which stands for "Centralny Port Komunikacyjny", or solidarity transport hub, will be built between Warsaw and Łodz. The hub will include an international airport, a 2,000 km network of mainly high-speed rail lines and motorways. There will also be an airport city, with facilities for trade fairs and conferences. It will connect air passengers to a 2,000 km network of mostly high-speed railways and motorways. There will also be an airport city, including trade fair and conference facilities. A world super league The airport will be located in Baranow County, about 40 km west of Warsaw. Construction will start next year and is expected to be completed in 2027. It will have two runways and an annual capacity of 40 million passengers. It will later join the world super league of four-runway airports with a capacity of 100 million passengers. The high-speed rail part will include a line between Warsaw and Łodz and another to Frankfurt-am-Oder. When the platform is completed, CPK hopes it will allow passengers and freight to reach Kraków, Wrocław, Poznan and Gdansk in less than two hours. It adds that the International Air Transport Association predicts that by 2060 Solidarity Airport will attract around 850 million passengers and more than 35 million tonnes of air cargo to Poland. The value of the design contract is €150 million. Foster + Partners' bid was selected from a shortlist of candidates including Zaha Hadid Architects, WSP, Dar Al-Handasah, Perkins & Will and Kohn Pedersen Fox. KPC wanted the design to stipulate a modular construction to make the facility efficient to build and scalable. When the first phase is completed in 2028, passenger throughput will be 40 million, rising to 65 million by 2060.

International Energy Forum predicts oil prices above $100/b Oil prices have been rising steadily for several weeks. The price of Brent crude oil moved around $96/b last week, up significantly by 2.8% (WTI at $89/b; + 1.4%). This upward movement, which continues a trend observed since the beginning of October ($90/b), accelerated last Friday with a price close to $100/b ($99.6/b).The recent uptrend has been driven by an expected change in Chinese policy on Covid, the falling dollar and uncertainty about the effects of European and G7 sanctions against Russia. This upward movement could still be moderated by the economic and financial context. Financial market developments have been relatively bumpy over the past week (Fig. 2), momentarily moving into negative territory due to the FED's comments advocating both firmness to fight inflation but also flexibility on future rate adjustment policy (new 0.75 point increase in the main interest rate decided on 2 November).The market prices of petrol and diesel remain under pressure, even if the price of diesel has fallen back compared to the surges of October. The spread with the Brent price was on average at the beginning of November at +297 $/t (291 $/t in October) for petrol and +340 $/t (520 $/t in October) for diesel (Fig. 9). The IEA, in its annual report, does not anticipate any improvement in the coming months, stressing that "the global refining system is likely to remain tight for several years if demand for middle distillates (diesel and paraffin) continues to grow at the current rapid pace". Online crude oil price: Brent and WTI market The G7 is calling for an increase in production, a call that has so far gone unheeded. With the prospect of a precarious market balance in the coming months (Fig. A4 in annex), the G7 "encouraged" the producer countries to increase their production, a subject taken up in the final communiqué of 4 November. At a conference in Abu Dhabi on 31 October, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates defended the recent decision by OPEC and its allies, including Russia, to cut oil production in the face of economic uncertainty. In addition to the geopolitical context, the link regularly made between the ecological transition and the cessation of investment in exploration and production is probably an important factor at the origin of this latent rupture between consumer and producer countries. View our full Crude Oil Market Report - Week of 11/10/2022 - due out this 17/10/2022.